{"id":13798,"date":"2023-02-10T16:52:00","date_gmt":"2023-02-10T16:52:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/es\/?p=13798"},"modified":"2023-02-10T18:07:59","modified_gmt":"2023-02-10T18:07:59","slug":"los-recurrentes-cortes-de-electricidad-en-sudafrica-paralizan-el-pais","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/es\/2023\/02\/10\/los-recurrentes-cortes-de-electricidad-en-sudafrica-paralizan-el-pais\/","title":{"rendered":"Los recurrentes cortes de electricidad en Sud\u00e1frica paralizan el pa\u00eds"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Desde 2007, Sud\u00e1frica sufre cortes de electricidad frecuentes y casi universales, que a veces duran hasta 10 horas en un solo d\u00eda. Entre el 31 de octubre y el 31 de diciembre de 2022, el principal productor y distribuidor de electricidad del pa\u00eds, Eskom, que produce el 95% de la electricidad sudafricana, o el 45% de la electricidad total producida en \u00c1frica, llev\u00f3 a cabo apagones diarios&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-1-13798' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote note-digits-1'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/es\/2023\/02\/10\/los-recurrentes-cortes-de-electricidad-en-sudafrica-paralizan-el-pais\/#easy-footnote-bottom-1-13798' title='&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/dpe.gov.za\/state-owned-companies\/eskom\/&quot;&gt;Eskom&lt;\/a&gt;, Departamento Sudafricano de Empresas P\u00fablicas.'><sup>1<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/xNdGC\/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Estos cortes de electricidad desincentivan la inversi\u00f3n y provocan el cierre de empresas, lo que contribuye a aumentar la tasa de desempleo del 22,4% en 2008 al 33,6% en 2021&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-2-13798' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote note-digits-1'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/es\/2023\/02\/10\/los-recurrentes-cortes-de-electricidad-en-sudafrica-paralizan-el-pais\/#easy-footnote-bottom-2-13798' title='Lynsey Chutel, \u00ab &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2023\/02\/09\/world\/africa\/south-africa-power-energy-crisis.html?searchResultPosition=1&quot;&gt;Dead Chicks and Rotting Meat: South Africa Declares \u2018Disaster\u2019 Over Power Cuts&lt;\/a&gt; \u00bb, &lt;em&gt;The New York Times&lt;\/em&gt;, 9 de febrero 2023.'><sup>2<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/3hzgn\/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Las causas son bien conocidas: el parque de centrales t\u00e9rmicas de carb\u00f3n operado por Eskom est\u00e1 envejeciendo y en gran medida infradotado, mientras que las nuevas centrales de Medupi y Kusile -algunas de ellas a\u00fan en construcci\u00f3n-, puestas en servicio a partir de 2015, est\u00e1n experimentando repetidos problemas t\u00e9cnicos que provocan una producci\u00f3n de electricidad muy por debajo de su capacidad m\u00e1xima.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/RlMTw\/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ya en 1998, el Departamento de Recursos Minerales y Energ\u00eda public\u00f3 un libro blanco en el que afirmaba que \u00abla demanda de electricidad superar\u00e1 la capacidad de generaci\u00f3n en 2007\u00bb&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-3-13798' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote note-digits-1'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/es\/2023\/02\/10\/los-recurrentes-cortes-de-electricidad-en-sudafrica-paralizan-el-pais\/#easy-footnote-bottom-3-13798' title='&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.energy.gov.za\/files\/policies\/whitepaper_energypolicy_1998.pdf&quot;&gt;White Paper on the Energy Policy of the Republic of South Africa&lt;\/a&gt;, Departamento de Recursos Minerales y Energ\u00eda del Gobierno sudafricano, diciembre de 1998'><sup>3<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>El documento se\u00f1alaba otros problemas estructurales, como la desigual distribuci\u00f3n de la red el\u00e9ctrica en el pa\u00eds, concentrada principalmente en torno a Pretoria y Johannesburgo, lo que deja al oeste del pa\u00eds peor conectado.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>En su discurso sobre el estado de la naci\u00f3n, el presidente Cyril Ramaphosa declar\u00f3 el \u00abestado de cat\u00e1strofe nacional\u00bb, que deber\u00eda permitir \u00abeximir de cortes de electricidad a infraestructuras cr\u00edticas (hospitales, plantas de tratamiento de agua) y acelerar la ejecuci\u00f3n de proyectos energ\u00e9ticos\u00bb&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-4-13798' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote note-digits-1'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/es\/2023\/02\/10\/los-recurrentes-cortes-de-electricidad-en-sudafrica-paralizan-el-pais\/#easy-footnote-bottom-4-13798' title='Joseph Cotterill, \u00ab &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/74c75caa-d39f-4df7-b455-3b88d8363fb4&quot;&gt;South Africa declares \u2018national state of disaster\u2019 over blackouts&lt;\/a&gt; \u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Financial Times&lt;\/em&gt;, 9 de febrero 2023.'><sup>4<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>. En su plan de desarrollo 2023-2032, Eskom pretende duplicar su capacidad de producci\u00f3n de electricidad para 2035, apoy\u00e1ndose sobre todo en la energ\u00eda e\u00f3lica y solar&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-5-13798' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote note-digits-1'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/es\/2023\/02\/10\/los-recurrentes-cortes-de-electricidad-en-sudafrica-paralizan-el-pais\/#easy-footnote-bottom-5-13798' title='&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.eskom.co.za\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/TDP_2022_-Public_Forum_Presentation_Tx_Website_Final_Rev1.pdf&quot;&gt;The Eskom Transmission Development Plan (TDP) 2023 &amp;#8211; 2032&lt;\/a&gt;, Eskom, 27 de octubre 2022.'><sup>5<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/4C8sR\/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>En 2021, el carb\u00f3n representaba el 86,35% de la generaci\u00f3n total de electricidad en Sud\u00e1frica, una disminuci\u00f3n proporcional de s\u00f3lo el 6% desde 2000.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>En la COP 26 celebrada en Glasgow, Francia, Alemania, Reino Unido, Estados Unidos y la Uni\u00f3n Europea anunciaron la firma de un plan de inversi\u00f3n de 8.500 millones de d\u00f3lares para la Transici\u00f3n Energ\u00e9tica Justa con el fin de apoyar el abandono del carb\u00f3n&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-6-13798' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote note-digits-1'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/es\/2023\/02\/10\/los-recurrentes-cortes-de-electricidad-en-sudafrica-paralizan-el-pais\/#easy-footnote-bottom-6-13798' title='&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/commission\/presscorner\/detail\/en\/statement_22_6664&quot;&gt;Joint Statement: South Africa Just Energy Transition Investment Plan&lt;\/a&gt;, Comisi\u00f3n Europea, 7 de noviembre 2022.'><sup>6<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/sk8LE\/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Aunque el ministro sudafricano de Energ\u00eda, Gwede Mantashe, afirm\u00f3 tras el discurso de Ramaphosa que \u00ablos problemas pueden resolverse en un plazo de seis a doce meses\u00bb, el presidente de Eskom, Mpho Makwana, advirti\u00f3 de que los apagones \u00abpersistir\u00e1n al menos hasta 2025\u00bb debido al mantenimiento previsto de las envejecidas centrales el\u00e9ctricas de carb\u00f3n del pa\u00eds&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-7-13798' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote note-digits-1'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/es\/2023\/02\/10\/los-recurrentes-cortes-de-electricidad-en-sudafrica-paralizan-el-pais\/#easy-footnote-bottom-7-13798' title='Amogelang Mbatha y S&amp;#8217;thembile Cele, \u00ab &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2023-02-09\/south-african-president-declares-state-of-disaster-over-energy-crisis&quot;&gt;South African President Declares State of Disaster Over Energy Crisis&lt;\/a&gt; \u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Bloomberg&lt;\/em&gt;, 9 de febrero 2023.'><sup>7<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>. Por su parte, Ramaphosa ha nombrado a un ministro adjunto a la Presidencia encargado de \u00abmejorar el suministro el\u00e9ctrico\u00bb.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ayer, durante su discurso sobre el estado de la naci\u00f3n, el presidente sudafricano Cyril Ramaphosa declar\u00f3 el \u00abestado de cat\u00e1strofe nacional\u00bb debido a los recurrentes cortes de electricidad que asolan el pa\u00eds desde 2007.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1366,"featured_media":13812,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"templates\/post-briefings.php","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_trash_the_other_posts":false,"_yoast_wpseo_estimated-reading-time-minutes":3,"_lgc_tts_voice":"","_lgc_tts_publish":false,"_lgc_tts_history_item_id":"","_lgc_tts_generated_at":"","_lgc_tts_status":"","_lgc_tts_error":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[98],"tags":[],"staff":[],"editorial_format":[1472],"serie":[],"audience":[],"geo":[195],"class_list":["post-13798","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-energia-y-medio-ambiente","editorial_format-analisis","geo-africas-subsaharianas"],"acf":{"open_in_webview":false,"accent":false,"_thumbnail_id":13812,"excerpt":"Ayer, durante su discurso sobre el estado de la naci\u00f3n, el presidente sudafricano Cyril Ramaphosa declar\u00f3 el \"estado de cat\u00e1strofe nacional\" debido a los recurrentes cortes de electricidad que asolan el pa\u00eds desde 2007.","display_date":"","new_abstract":true},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Los recurrentes cortes de electricidad en Sud\u00e1frica paralizan el pa\u00eds - El Grand Continent<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/es\/2023\/02\/10\/los-recurrentes-cortes-de-electricidad-en-sudafrica-paralizan-el-pais\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Los recurrentes cortes de electricidad en Sud\u00e1frica paralizan el pa\u00eds - El Grand Continent\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ayer, durante su discurso sobre el estado de la naci\u00f3n, el 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